英语语法--主谓一致
常见情况
由 and 或 both and 连接的并列主语,谓语动词一般用复数
- English and chinese are two quite different languages.
- Both brother and sister tire of city life.
一但主语前被 no,every,each 所修饰时,谓语动词用单数
- No desk and (no) chair is seen in the hall.
- All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
- They each have been to the Forbidden city. each 位于主语后,所以谓语动词用复数
当主语表示同一事物的两个部分,同一个人的两个身份(第二个名词前无冠词),谓语动词用单数
比如 the(a)horse and cart a watch and chain a knife and fork a cup and soucer the butter and bread
- The horse and cart has fallen down the cliff(悬崖).
- Butter and bread is his favourate.
- The poet(诗人) and writer has been sentenced(判决) to death.
- The poet and the writer have been sentenced(判决) to death.
两数相加或相乘,单复皆可,相减或相除,只能用单数,量词做主语,用单数
等于: be,equal,be equal to,make 相加: and,plus 相减: minus 相乘: multily,time 相除: divided by
One and one make(makes) two.
就近原则
not only…but also there/here be or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not…but
- There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
- Are you or your sister fond of classical music?
- An apple or two lies on the desk.(数量词后用单数)
- One or two apples lie on the desk.
- Not he but you have come.
就远原则
两单体两结构三 with 四除外 like,including rather than,as well as with,together with,along with except,besides,but,in addition to
- The couple in addition to their child are mean.
- Lauren,rather than anyone else was chose his partener.
- A library together with 3000 books was destroyed in the fire.
时间,金钱,距离,温度,天气,重量等不可数名词,to do,doing, 从句做主语时,谓 v 用单数
- To go to bed early and rise early is a good habit.
- What he says and behaives doesn’t concern me.
分数,百分数,the rest(+of+n) 做主语,用单数
谓语动词由 of 后面的名词决定,一般用单数。 分数用法: 通常分子读基数,分母读序数,分子超过 1 时,分母加 s。即 基+序 (s)+of+n+谓
- Most students are in favaour of the contract(契约) but the rest disagree. be favaour of: be for,approve of,support,agree with
- About two thirds of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
一些短语
one of+n 或 the only one of+n, 一般用单数(定从根据中心词在 of 前后) a number of+n(用复数) & the number of+n(用单数) one in 或 one out of+n (用单数) a large quantity of & large quantity of + 可、不可数 n a large amount of & large amounts of + 不可数 n
- He is one of the students who were awarded the other day.
- He is the only one of the students who was awarded the other day.
- One of his family was a traitor(卖国贼,叛徒) during the world war two.
- A number of teenagers are addicted to the Internet.
- The number of students who are addicted to the Internet is up to(接近于) 15.
- Large amounts of power are foused on him alone.==a large amount of power is foused on him alone.
不定代词做主语,谓语动词用单数
all 修饰人,谓语动词用复数,修饰物,谓语动词用单数
- All are present besides the professor.
- All that glitters(发光体) is not gold. not 与 all/both 等连用表部分否定
the +adj 表一类人做主语时,谓语动词用复数
- The injured are taken good care of in hospital.
- The agreeable is not always the useful.(不表人)
成双成对的词做主语,用复数
trousers(裤子),chopsticks,scissors(剪刀),glasses
- Pants are what I want.
- The pair of glasses seems expensive.(谓语动词与表示计量单位的名词形式一致)
- Three set of fashionable socks are shown in today’s evening proper(恰当地).
一系列: a piece/pair/set/suit/series of
以 s 结尾特殊专用名词,用单数
表学科,疾病,山脉,河流,书名,歌名,格言等 maths,physicsa(物理),politics(政治),classics,economics,Aids,SARs,diabetes(糖尿病),arthritis(关节炎),bronchitis(支气管炎),Himalayas,Arabian Night
Arabian Night sounds beautiful.
many a +单 n+单谓: “许多” more than one +单 n+单谓: “不止一个”
- Many a man thinks life is meaningless without a purpose/an aim.
- More than one student has put forward the suggestion.
- More students than one are against the proposal.
- More than 20% students were absent at the meeting yesterday.(不止)
police,people,cattle 做主语,用复数
It is reported that police are trying their best to capture the murder.
the Olympics & the Olympic games
The Olympices is hold every four years. == The Olympic games are hold every four year.
集体名词做主语,表整体用单数,表成员用复数
family,class,group,team,army,public,crew,population
- The innovation experiment(革新实验) class consists of 24 students and enjoy chinese.
- Population in China is 1.4 billion or so(about) 20% (Population) have no access to clean water.
单复同形,sheep,deer,means,Chinese 等谓语动词依据情况而定
Many deer live on the African grassland.
地点状语位于句首
- Among the crow stand his parents.
- On the wall hangs an alarm clock.