注意
本文最后更新于 2024-02-01，文中内容可能已过时。
一、导言
导言
本篇，我们将讨论上一篇的另一种方法，并不使用add_subdirectory的情况下，使用module include组装不同的CMakeLists.txt文件。其允许我们使用target_link_libraries链接到当前目录之外定义的目标。
就项目架构而言，不推荐本篇的构建方式。
二、项目结构
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| .
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── external
│ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ ├── conversion.cpp
│ └── conversion.hpp
├── src
│ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ ├── evolution
│ │ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ │ ├── evolution.cpp
│ │ └── evolution.hpp
│ ├── initial
│ │ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ │ ├── initial.cpp
│ │ └── initial.hpp
│ ├── io
│ │ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ │ ├── io.cpp
│ │ └── io.hpp
│ ├── main.cpp
│ └── parser
│ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ ├── parser.cpp
│ └── parser.hpp
└── tests
├── catch.hpp
├── CMakeLists.txt
└── test.cpp
|
项目地址：
https://gitee.com/jiangli01/tutorials/tree/master/cmake-tutorial/chapter7/08
三、相关源码
将使用与上一篇相同的源代码。唯一的更改将出现在CMakeLists.txt文件中，我们将在下面的部分中讨论这些更改。
CMakeLists.txt
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| cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10 FATAL_ERROR)
project(example LANGUAGES CXX)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
include(GNUInstallDirs)
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
# defines targets and sources
include(src/CMakeLists.txt)
include(external/CMakeLists.txt)
enable_testing()
add_subdirectory(tests)
|
src/CMakeLists.txt
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| add_library(automaton "")
add_library(evolution "")
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution/CMakeLists.txt)
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/initial/CMakeLists.txt)
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/io/CMakeLists.txt)
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/parser/CMakeLists.txt)
add_executable(automata "")
target_sources(automata
PRIVATE
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/main.cpp
)
target_link_libraries(automata
PRIVATE
automaton
conversion
)
|
src/evolution/CMakeLists.txt
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| target_sources(automaton
PRIVATE
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution.cpp
PUBLIC
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution.hpp
)
target_include_directories(automaton
PUBLIC
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
)
target_sources(evolution
PRIVATE
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution.cpp
PUBLIC
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution.hpp
)
target_include_directories(evolution
PUBLIC
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
)
|
其余CMakeLists.txt文件和src/initial/CMakeLists.txt相同。
src/initial/CMakeLists.txt
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| target_sources(automaton
PRIVATE
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/initial.cpp
PUBLIC
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/initial.hpp
)
target_include_directories(automaton
PUBLIC
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
)
|
定义了三个库:
conversion(在external定义)automaton(包含除转换之外的所有源)evolution(在src/evolution中定义，并通过cpp_test链接)
我们通过使用include()引用CMakeLists.txt文件，在父范围内，仍然能保持所有目标可用。
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| include(src/CMakeLists.txt)
include(external/CMakeLists.txt)
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构建一个包含树，记住当进入子目录(src/CMakeLists.txt)时，我们需要使用相对于父范围的路径:
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| include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution/CMakeLists.txt)
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/initial/CMakeLists.txt)
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/io/CMakeLists.txt)
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/parser/CMakeLists.txt)
|
这样，我们就可以定义并链接到通过include()语句访问文件树中任何位置的目标。
四、结果展示
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| $ cd build
$ cmake ..
$ cmake --build build
$ ctest
Running tests...
Start 1: test_evolution
1/1 Test #1: test_evolution ................... Passed 0.00 sec
100% tests passed, 0 tests failed out of 1
|
补充内容
我们可以再次使用CMake和Graphviz生成这个项目的依赖关系图:
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| $ cd build
$ cmake --graphviz=example.dot ..
$ dot -T png example.dot -o example.png
|
项目结构
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